Do you type fast and hit the "return/enter" key a lot? It might have come up and you hit the OK button without noticing it....
I've done that before ... but on a Mac, the "you're low on battery" just means it will go into suspend mode and only die after about an hour on suspend (but you can't rouse it during that time until you plug in power).
PS: You might also want to revise your auto save on your word processor, cause if you lost 5 pages, that's an awful lot of time passed ...
I do type fast and hit enter a lot, so that's a distinct possibility. When this thing died, and after I realized it HAD to be the battery, I plugged in and the damn thing wouldn't wake up. Had to turn it back on. Work was lost. So how do I or where do I need to look to check the auto-save settings, cause this thing didn't save jack.
So very sorry for your loss, CD, but... well, ditto. 
The biggest problem I've got with my Toshiba laptop is that the keyboard's about 90% smaller than my last one, and I haven't quite adjusted yet. it also makes my hands hurt if I type for too long, because I've got to keep them at funny angles.
This Toshiba's kb is larger than my other, and it makes my hands hurt too. Have to type at a funny angle because of the number keys on the right hand side, you know what I'm talking about. So it's like everything moved to the left and it's just weird trying to adjust.
What they said. I have two toshibas and I love them both. One, once the battery did die with no warning (and I might have hit return on it) but when I plugged it in it had done an auto-save, so opened to everything all peachy peachy. So do check auto save auctions and keep a plug nearby. It also goes dark before full death, to give you some time to plug and save the session.
This thing didn't just go dark before death, it completely died. I tried waking it up after plug-in, I really really did! I yelled, I screamed, I hit, I smacked, nothing works with this thing!

Most of what they said. I got one with an 18" screen so small KB not an issue. Very happy with the machine. Autosave is a must, also when on battery glance at the little battery-life icon in your lower right tray every so often just for a belt-and-suspenders reminder.
Plus, doing my part to prevent the zombie apocalypse by owning one.
Dude, I swear I looked at that little battery icon thing no more than 5 minutes before it shit itself (I've been doing that obsessively since buying it this weekend because I'm interested to see if the battery does, indeed, last 7 hours. It does not...) and it said 4 HOURS AND 27 MINS REMAINING. Okay, how does that happen? It obviously didn't have that long, cause 5 minutes later everything went black and I had a mini-stroke.
Either this damn thing is a Spawn of Satan, or I'm doing what Zak suggested and hitting enter before I see the warning. On my other one, that doesn't make a difference. The warning stays until you x-out of it. This one, however, is the "new" Windows, and I'm still getting used to it. The desktop runs it, Windows 7, but I'm hardly on it to get acquainted.